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HOST_CHARSET_UNKNOWN
HOST_CHARSET_ASCII
HOST_CHARSET_EBCDIC
This function allocates memory which will be automatically reclaimed
after the procedure exits. The libiberty
{} implementation does not free
the memory immediately but will do so eventually during subsequent
calls to this function. Memory is allocated using xmalloc
under
normal circumstances.
The header file `alloca-conf.h' can be used in conjunction with the
GNU Autoconf test AC_FUNC_ALLOCA
to test for and properly make
available this function. The AC_FUNC_ALLOCA
test requires that
client code use a block of preprocessor code to be safe (see the Autoconf
manual for more); this header incorporates that logic and more, including
the possibility of a GCC built-in function.
Like sprintf
, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer, you
pass a pointer to a pointer. This function will compute the size of
the buffer needed, allocate memory with malloc
, and store a
pointer to the allocated memory in *resptr
. The value
returned is the same as sprintf
would return. If memory could
not be allocated, minus one is returned and NULL
is stored in
*resptr
.
Causes function f to be called at exit. Returns 0.
Returns a pointer to the last component of pathname name. Behavior is undefined if the pathname ends in a directory separator.
Compares the first count bytes of two areas of memory. Returns zero if they are the same, nonzero otherwise. Returns zero if count is zero. A nonzero result only indicates a difference, it does not indicate any sorting order (say, by having a positive result mean x sorts before y).
Copies length bytes from memory region in to region
out. The use of bcopy
is deprecated in new programs.
Performs a search over an array of nmemb elements pointed to by base for a member that matches the object pointed to by key. The size of each member is specified by size. The array contents should be sorted in ascending order according to the compar comparison function. This routine should take two arguments pointing to the key and to an array member, in that order, and should return an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the key object is respectively less than, matching, or greater than the array member.
Given a pointer to a string, parse the string extracting fields
separated by whitespace and optionally enclosed within either single
or double quotes (which are stripped off), and build a vector of
pointers to copies of the string for each field. The input string
remains unchanged. The last element of the vector is followed by a
NULL
element.
All of the memory for the pointer array and copies of the string
is obtained from malloc
. All of the memory can be returned to the
system with the single function call freeargv
, which takes the
returned result of buildargv
, as it's argument.
Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful. Returns
NULL
if sp is NULL
or if there is insufficient
memory to complete building the argument vector.
If the input is a null string (as opposed to a NULL
pointer),
then buildarg returns an argument vector that has one arg, a null
string.
Zeros count bytes starting at mem. Use of this function
is deprecated in favor of memset
.
Uses malloc
to allocate storage for nelem objects of
elsize bytes each, then zeros the memory.
Return a prefix for temporary file names or NULL
if unable to
find one. The current directory is chosen if all else fails so the
program is exited if a temporary directory can't be found (mktemp
fails). The buffer for the result is obtained with xmalloc
.
This function is provided for backwards compatability only. Its use is not recommended.
Returns a pointer to a directory path suitable for creating temporary files in.
Returns an approximation of the CPU time used by the process as a
clock_t
; divide this number by `CLOCKS_PER_SEC' to get the
number of seconds used.
NULL
)
Concatenate zero or more of strings and return the result in freshly
xmalloc
ed memory. Returns NULL
if insufficient memory is
available. The argument list is terminated by the first NULL
pointer encountered. Pointers to empty strings are ignored.
Duplicate an argument vector. Simply scans through vector,
duplicating each argument until the terminating NULL
is found.
Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful. Returns
NULL
if there is insufficient memory to complete building the
argument vector.
Returns the maximum errno
value for which a corresponding
symbolic name or message is available. Note that in the case where we
use the sys_errlist
supplied by the system, it is possible for
there to be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa. In
fact, the manual page for perror(3C)
explicitly warns that one
should check the size of the table (sys_nerr
) before indexing
it, since new error codes may be added to the system before they are
added to the table. Thus sys_nerr
might be smaller than value
implied by the largest errno
value defined in <errno.h>
.
We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful symbolic name or message.
Check to see if two open file descriptors refer to the same file.
This is useful, for example, when we have an open file descriptor for
an unnamed file, and the name of a file that we believe to correspond
to that fd. This can happen when we are exec'd with an already open
file (stdout
for example) or from the SVR4 `/proc' calls
that return open file descriptors for mapped address spaces. All we
have to do is open the file by name and check the two file descriptors
for a match, which is done by comparing major and minor device numbers
and inode numbers.
Find the first (least significant) bit set in valu. Bits are numbered from right to left, starting with bit 1 (corresponding to the value 1). If valu is zero, zero is returned.
Matches string against pattern, returning zero if it
matches, FNM_NOMATCH
if not. pattern may contain the
wildcards ?
to match any one character, *
to match any
zero or more characters, or a set of alternate characters in square
brackets, like `[a-gt8]', which match one character (a
through g
, or t
, or 8
, in this example) if that one
character is in the set. A set may be inverted (i.e., match anything
except what's in the set) by giving ^
or !
as the first
character in the set. To include those characters in the set, list them
as anything other than the first character of the set. To include a
dash in the set, list it last in the set. A backslash character makes
the following character not special, so for example you could match
against a literal asterisk with `\*'. To match a literal
backslash, use `\\'.
flags
controls various aspects of the matching process, and is a
boolean OR of zero or more of the following values (defined in
<fnmatch.h>
):
FNM_PATHNAME
FNM_FILE_NAME
/
.
FNM_NOESCAPE
FNM_PERIOD
FNM_PATHNAME
after a slash) is not matched by *
or
?
but must be matched explicitly.
FNM_LEADING_DIR
/
and zero or more
characters. For example, `foo*' would match either `foobar'
or `foobar/grill'.
FNM_CASEFOLD
Free an argument vector that was built using buildargv
. Simply
scans through vector, freeing the memory for each argument until
the terminating NULL
is found, and then frees vector
itself.
Returns the time used so far, in microseconds. If possible, this is the time used by this process, else it is the elapsed time since the process started.
Copy the absolute pathname for the current working directory into
pathname, which is assumed to point to a buffer of at least
len bytes, and return a pointer to the buffer. If the current
directory's path doesn't fit in len characters, the result is
NULL
and errno
is set. If pathname is a null pointer,
getcwd
will obtain len bytes of space using
malloc
.
Returns the number of bytes in a page of memory. This is the granularity of many of the system memory management routines. No guarantee is made as to whether or not it is the same as the basic memory management hardware page size.
Returns the current working directory. This implementation caches the
result on the assumption that the process will not call chdir
between calls to getpwd
.
Initializes the array mapping the current character set to
corresponding hex values. This function must be called before any
call to hex_p
or hex_value
. If you fail to call it, a
default ASCII-based table will normally be used on ASCII systems.
Evaluates to non-zero if the given character is a valid hex character,
or zero if it is not. Note that the value you pass will be cast to
unsigned char
within the macro.
Returns the numeric equivalent of the given character when interpreted
as a hexidecimal digit. The result is undefined if you pass an
invalid hex digit. Note that the value you pass will be cast to
unsigned char
within the macro.
The hex_value
macro returns unsigned int
, rather than
signed int
, to make it easier to use in parsing addresses from
hex dump files: a signed int
would be sign-extended when
converted to a wider unsigned type -- like bfd_vma
, on some
systems.
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in
the string s, or NULL
if not found. The use of index
is
deprecated in new programs in favor of strchr
.
Routines to manipulate queues built from doubly linked lists. The
insque
routine inserts elem in the queue immediately
after pred. The remque
routine removes elem from
its containing queue. These routines expect to be passed pointers to
structures which have as their first members a forward pointer and a
back pointer, like this prototype (although no prototype is provided):
struct qelem { struct qelem *q_forw; struct qelem *q_back; char q_data[]; }; |
These twelve macros are defined by `safe-ctype.h'. Each has the
same meaning as the corresponding macro (with name in lowercase)
defined by the standard header `ctype.h'. For example,
ISALPHA
returns true for alphabetic characters and false for
others. However, there are two differences between these macros and
those provided by `ctype.h':
signed char
and unsigned char
, and
for EOF
.
ALPHA | A-Za-z |
ALNUM | A-Za-z0-9 |
BLANK | space tab |
CNTRL | !PRINT |
DIGIT | 0-9 |
GRAPH | ALNUM || PUNCT |
LOWER | a-z |
PRINT | GRAPH || space |
PUNCT | `~!@#$%^&*()_-=+[{]}\|;:'",<.>/? |
SPACE | space tab \n \r \f \v |
UPPER | A-Z |
XDIGIT | 0-9A-Fa-f |
Note that, if the host character set is ASCII or a superset thereof,
all these macros will return false for all values of char
outside
the range of 7-bit ASCII. In particular, both ISPRINT and ISCNTRL return
false for characters with numeric values from 128 to 255.
IDNUM | A-Za-z0-9_ |
IDST | A-Za-z_ |
VSPACE | \r \n |
NVSPACE | space tab \f \v \0 |
SPACE_OR_NUL | VSPACE || NVSPACE |
ISOBASIC | VSPACE || NVSPACE || PRINT |
Given a pointer to a string containing a typical pathname (`/usr/src/cmd/ls/ls.c' for example), returns a pointer to the last component of the pathname (`ls.c' in this case). The returned pointer is guaranteed to lie within the original string. This latter fact is not true of many vendor C libraries, which return special strings or modify the passed strings for particular input.
In particular, the empty string returns the same empty string,
and a path ending in /
returns the empty string after it.
Given a pointer to a string containing a pathname, returns a canonical
version of the filename. Symlinks will be resolved, and "." and ".."
components will be simplified. The returned value will be allocated using
malloc
, or NULL
will be returned on a memory allocation error.
Given three paths progname, bin_prefix, prefix, return the path that is in the same position relative to progname's directory as prefix is relative to bin_prefix. That is, a string starting with the directory portion of progname, followed by a relative pathname of the difference between bin_prefix and prefix.
If progname does not contain any directory separators,
make_relative_prefix
will search PATH
to find a program
named progname. Also, if progname is a symbolic link,
the symbolic link will be resolved.
For example, if bin_prefix is /alpha/beta/gamma/gcc/delta
,
prefix is /alpha/beta/gamma/omega/
, and progname is
/red/green/blue/gcc
, then this function will return
/red/green/blue/../../omega/
.
The return value is normally allocated via malloc
. If no
relative prefix can be found, return NULL
.
Return a temporary file name (as a string) or NULL
if unable to
create one. suffix is a suffix to append to the file name. The
string is malloc
ed, and the temporary file has been created.
This function searches memory starting at *s
for the
character c. The search only ends with the first occurrence of
c, or after length characters; in particular, a null
character does not terminate the search. If the character c is
found within length characters of *s
, a pointer
to the character is returned. If c is not found, then NULL
is
returned.
Compares the first count bytes of two areas of memory. Returns zero if they are the same, a value less than zero if x is lexically less than y, or a value greater than zero if x is lexically greater than y. Note that lexical order is determined as if comparing unsigned char arrays.
Copies length bytes from memory region in to region out. Returns a pointer to out.
Copies count bytes from memory area from to memory area to, returning a pointer to to.
Copies length bytes from memory region in to region out. Returns a pointer to out + length.
Sets the first count bytes of s to the constant byte c, returning a pointer to s.
Generate a unique temporary file name from template. template has the form:
path/ccXXXXXXsuffix |
suffix_len tells us how long suffix is (it can be zero length). The last six characters of template before suffix must be `XXXXXX'; they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique. Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing.
Executes a program.
program and argv are the arguments to
execv
/execvp
.
this_pname is name of the calling program (i.e., argv[0]
).
temp_base is the path name, sans suffix, of a temporary file to
use if needed. This is currently only needed for MS-DOS ports that
don't use go32
(do any still exist?). Ports that don't need it
can pass NULL
.
(flags & PEXECUTE_SEARCH
) is non-zero if PATH
should be searched (??? It's not clear that GCC passes this flag
correctly). (flags & PEXECUTE_FIRST
) is nonzero for the
first process in chain. (flags & PEXECUTE_FIRST
) is
nonzero for the last process in chain. The first/last flags could be
simplified to only mark the last of a chain of processes but that
requires the caller to always mark the last one (and not give up
early if some error occurs). It's more robust to require the caller
to mark both ends of the chain.
The result is the pid on systems like Unix where we
fork
/exec
and on systems like WIN32 and OS/2 where we
use spawn
. It is up to the caller to wait for the child.
The result is the WEXITSTATUS
on systems like MS-DOS where we
spawn
and wait for the child here.
Upon failure, errmsg_fmt and errmsg_arg are set to the
text of the error message with an optional argument (if not needed,
errmsg_arg is set to NULL
), and -1 is returned.
errno
is available to the caller to use.
Print message to the standard error, followed by a colon, followed by the description of the signal specified by signo, followed by a newline.
Uses setenv
or unsetenv
to put string into
the environment or remove it. If string is of the form
`name=value' the string is added; if no `=' is present the
name is unset/removed.
Waits for a program started by pexecute
to finish.
pid is the process id of the task to wait for. status is the `status' argument to wait. flags is currently unused (allows future enhancement without breaking upward compatibility). Pass 0 for now.
The result is the pid of the child reaped, or -1 for failure
(errno
says why).
On systems that don't support waiting for a particular child,
pid is ignored. On systems like MS-DOS that don't really
multitask pwait
is just a mechanism to provide a consistent
interface for the caller.
Random number functions. random
returns a random number in the
range 0 to LONG_MAX
. srandom
initializes the random
number generator to some starting point determined by seed
(else, the values returned by random
are always the same for each
run of the program). initstate
and setstate
allow fine-grained
control over the state of the random number generator.
NULL
)
Same as concat
, except that if optr is not NULL
it
is freed after the string is created. This is intended to be useful
when you're extending an existing string or building up a string in a
loop:
str = reconcat (str, "pre-", str, NULL); |
Renames a file from old to new. If new already exists, it is removed.
Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character c in
the string s, or NULL
if not found. The use of rindex
is
deprecated in new programs in favor of strrchr
.
setenv
adds name to the environment with value
value. If the name was already present in the environment,
the new value will be stored only if overwrite is nonzero.
The companion unsetenv
function removes name from the
environment. This implementation is not safe for multithreaded code.
Returns the maximum signal value for which a corresponding symbolic
name or message is available. Note that in the case where we use the
sys_siglist
supplied by the system, it is possible for there to
be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa. In fact, the
manual page for psignal(3b)
explicitly warns that one should
check the size of the table (NSIG
) before indexing it, since
new signal codes may be added to the system before they are added to
the table. Thus NSIG
might be smaller than value implied by
the largest signo value defined in <signal.h>
.
We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful symbolic name or message.
Sets the signal mask to the one provided in set and returns
the old mask (which, for libiberty's implementation, will always
be the value 1
).
This function is similar to sprintf, but it will print at most n characters. On error the return value is -1, otherwise it returns the number of characters that would have been printed had n been sufficiently large, regardless of the actual value of n. Note some pre-C99 system libraries do not implement this correctly so users cannot generally rely on the return value if the system version of this function is used.
Returns a pointer to a memory region filled with the specified number of spaces and null terminated. The returned pointer is valid until at least the next call.
Copies the string src into dst. Returns a pointer to dst + strlen(src).
Copies the string src into dst, copying exactly len and padding with zeros if necessary. If len < strlen(src) then return dst + len, otherwise returns dst + strlen(src).
A case-insensitive strcmp
.
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in
the string s, or NULL
if not found. If c is itself the
null character, the results are undefined.
Returns a pointer to a copy of s in memory obtained from
malloc
, or NULL
if insufficient memory was available.
Given an error number returned from a system call (typically returned
in errno
), returns a pointer to a string containing the
symbolic name of that error number, as found in <errno.h>
.
If the supplied error number is within the valid range of indices for symbolic names, but no name is available for the particular error number, then returns the string `Error num', where num is the error number.
If the supplied error number is not within the range of valid
indices, then returns NULL
.
The contents of the location pointed to are only guaranteed to be
valid until the next call to strerrno
.
Maps an errno
number to an error message string, the contents
of which are implementation defined. On systems which have the
external variables sys_nerr
and sys_errlist
, these
strings will be the same as the ones used by perror
.
If the supplied error number is within the valid range of indices for
the sys_errlist
, but no message is available for the particular
error number, then returns the string `Error num', where
num is the error number.
If the supplied error number is not a valid index into
sys_errlist
, returns NULL
.
The returned string is only guaranteed to be valid only until the
next call to strerror
.
A case-insensitive strncmp
.
Compares the first n bytes of two strings, returning a value as
strcmp
.
Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character c in
the string s, or NULL
if not found. If c is itself the
null character, the results are undefined.
Maps an signal number to an signal message string, the contents of
which are implementation defined. On systems which have the external
variable sys_siglist
, these strings will be the same as the
ones used by psignal()
.
If the supplied signal number is within the valid range of indices for
the sys_siglist
, but no message is available for the particular
signal number, then returns the string `Signal num', where
num is the signal number.
If the supplied signal number is not a valid index into
sys_siglist
, returns NULL
.
The returned string is only guaranteed to be valid only until the next
call to strsignal
.
Given an signal number, returns a pointer to a string containing the
symbolic name of that signal number, as found in <signal.h>
.
If the supplied signal number is within the valid range of indices for symbolic names, but no name is available for the particular signal number, then returns the string `Signal num', where num is the signal number.
If the supplied signal number is not within the range of valid
indices, then returns NULL
.
The contents of the location pointed to are only guaranteed to be
valid until the next call to strsigno
.
This function searches for the substring sub in the string
string, not including the terminating null characters. A pointer
to the first occurrence of sub is returned, or NULL
if the
substring is absent. If sub points to a string with zero
length, the function returns string.
This ISO C function converts the initial portion of string to a
double
. If endptr is not NULL
, a pointer to the
character after the last character used in the conversion is stored in
the location referenced by endptr. If no conversion is
performed, zero is returned and the value of string is stored in
the location referenced by endptr.
Given the symbolic name of a error number (e.g., EACCES
), map it
to an errno value. If no translation is found, returns 0.
The strtol
function converts the string in string to a
long integer value according to the given base, which must be
between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. If base
is 0, strtol
will look for the prefixes 0
and 0x
to indicate bases 8 and 16, respectively, else default to base 10.
When the base is 16 (either explicitly or implicitly), a prefix of
0x
is allowed. The handling of endptr is as that of
strtod
above. The strtoul
function is the same, except
that the converted value is unsigned.
Given the symbolic name of a signal, map it to a signal number. If no translation is found, returns 0.
This function attempts to create a name for a temporary file, which
will be a valid file name yet not exist when tmpnam
checks for
it. s must point to a buffer of at least L_tmpnam
bytes,
or be NULL
. Use of this function creates a security risk, and it must
not be used in new projects. Use mkstemp
instead.
Like vsprintf
, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer,
you pass a pointer to a pointer. This function will compute the size
of the buffer needed, allocate memory with malloc
, and store a
pointer to the allocated memory in *resptr
. The value
returned is the same as vsprintf
would return. If memory could
not be allocated, minus one is returned and NULL
is stored in
*resptr
.
Emulates vfork
by calling fork
and returning its value.
These functions are the same as printf
, fprintf
, and
sprintf
, respectively, except that they are called with a
va_list
instead of a variable number of arguments. Note that
they do not call va_end
; this is the application's
responsibility. In libiberty
{} they are implemented in terms of the
nonstandard but common function _doprnt
.
This function is similar to vsprintf, but it will print at most n characters. On error the return value is -1, otherwise it returns the number of characters that would have been printed had n been sufficiently large, regardless of the actual value of n. Note some pre-C99 system libraries do not implement this correctly so users cannot generally rely on the return value if the system version of this function is used.
This is a wrapper around the wait
function. Any "special"
values of pid depend on your implementation of wait
, as
does the return value. The third argument is unused in libiberty
{}.
Behaves as the standard atexit
function, but with no limit on
the number of registered functions. Returns 0 on success, or -1 on
failure. If you use xatexit
to register functions, you must use
xexit
to terminate your program.
Allocate memory without fail, and set it to zero. This routine functions
like calloc
, but will behave the same as xmalloc
if memory
cannot be found.
Terminates the program. If any functions have been registered with
the xatexit
replacement function, they will be called first.
Termination is handled via the system's normal exit
call.
Allocate memory without fail. If malloc
fails, this will print
a message to stderr
(using the name set by
xmalloc_set_program_name
,
if any) and then call xexit
. Note that it is therefore safe for
a program to contain #define malloc xmalloc
in its source.
This function is not meant to be called by client code, and is listed here for completeness only. If any of the allocation routines fail, this function will be called to print an error message and terminate execution.
You can use this to set the name of the program used by
xmalloc_failed
when printing a failure message.
Duplicates a region of memory without fail. First, alloc_size bytes are allocated, then copy_size bytes from input are copied into it, and the new memory is returned. If fewer bytes are copied than were allocated, the remaining memory is zeroed.
realloc
,
but will behave the same as xmalloc
if memory cannot be found.
Duplicates a character string without fail, using xmalloc
to
obtain memory.
Behaves exactly like the standard strerror
function, but
will never return a NULL
pointer.
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